The fruits are collected from wild only. Famiy: Apocynaceae. Botanical Family Apocynaceae. Petals 1 - 1.5 cm long, more or less translucent fresh, with prominent midrib on top, 8 - 14 pairs of lateral veins. Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis remains under-exploited. Fruits characterization of (ORA), (Saba senegalensis) in some parts of the Upper West Region, Pp 4-7. The statistics available on the exploitation of maad do not make it possible to differentiate between the quantity exploited and the quantity marketed. DC.) Food and Nutrition Sciences, 9, 1099-1111. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2018.99080. Nutritional composition of Saba senegalensis pulp [8] [20] - [27] . This plant has no children Legal Status. To avoid these losses, it is good to respect the collect procedures, pick unhooked fruits without injury on the envelope that can serve as entry doors to contamination, put in an appropriate packaging, respect the principles of hygiene. (2013) indicate rates ranging from 34.8 to 67.5 mg/100 g [27] ; this value can even go up to 480 mg/100 g [20] . Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis is still under-exploited. Its fruit is characterized by its wealth of antioxidant molecules including polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C, but especially because of its high acidity. Pichon was already described and the name available on behalf of Alphonse Louis Pierre Pyramus of Candolle. WikiProject Plants (Rated Stub-class, Low-importance) This article is within the scope of WikiProject Plants, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of plants and botany on Wikipedia. The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article The leaves are used in cases of migraine or food poisoning [1] [2] , but also in the treatment of injuries when they are pounded [1] . Published on the internet. main place of disembarkation and distribution of maad especially in the “Syndicat, Tilene or Port” markets where wholesalers, semi-wholesalers and retailers are responsible for resale. The sepals are 1 - 1.5 times longer than broad, the stamens are inserted 3.5 - 6 mm above the base of the corolla. In the literature it is identified by other names such as: Vubea or Vabea senegalensis A. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. The fruit is tasty, sweet-sour with yellow pulp when ripe [1]. (2018) Saba senegalensis: Key Features and Uses. Figure 4. S. senegalensis fruits begin to ripen as early as the beginning of the rainy season, starting in June and the harvest can be until September. Cross section of the fruit of S. senegalensis. Women buy, for example, the basket at 25,000 FCFA and sell retail in lots of 500 - 1000 FCFA and sometimes even 250 FCFA. It is haemostatic and coagulant [2] [9] . Saba senegalensis is a plant that grows in most countries in West Africa. Domestic production arriving in the capital is much lower than imports, with as an example for 2015, of the 1427 t of maad registered, only 521.24 t come from Senegal or 36.5% of annual consumption. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Received: August 2, 2018; Accepted: September 17, 2018; Published: September 20, 2018. It was Marcel Pichon, however, who reclassified it into to valid classification in 1953, and today he drives primarily to the edge of the river, in areas with wooded savannahs, wet areas in gallery forests [4] [5] . The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands. Other names: Madd, madinka, wolof. Table 2. Common Name:Nsaban, kabaa Description Saba senegalensis is a liana up to 40 m long, often shrub like; trunk up to 20 cm in diameter. POWO . DC.) Landolphia senegalensis var. Reference page. In Senegal, the maad can be transformed using a mechanical extractor and this primary transformation the maad makes it possible to obtain a refined puree (Figure 6(a)) which can subsequently be converted into several finished products such as nectars (Figure 6(c) and Figure 7), syrups, concentrated bases and marmalades. Further research on the antioxidant and therapeutic properties of maad should be carried out as well as the study of thermal degradation of antioxidant molecules. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 24. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. variations which are obviously related to the variability of climatic conditions, to the nature of the soil, but also to the various methods of analysis used. Meanwhile, the important of these products in the life of populations allows, without quantitative data, to say that the quantity exploited is largely underestimated because of the local consumption not taken into account. 2 entries found in World Checklist; Bibliographies. However it does not contain tannins or alkaloids [27] . The titratable acidity is from 30 up to 78.5 meq/100 ml; this high content explains the acid taste of the fruit with a malic acid concentration of 47.2 mg/100 g [24] . The leaves are prepared in sauces and condiments as an aperitif with a salty or sweet taste [2] [31] . Dry root bark powder is applied to wounds as healing [9] [32] . Branchlets glabrous, lenticel, purple brown with the presence of a small bead on the branch between the base of each pair of leaves. All these components contribute to suppose that Saba’s fruits may really have nutritional and healthy impact to consumers. These areas are characterized by maritime trade winds with an average annual temperature of 26˚C - 31˚C, a dry climate with considerable variations in humidity. The maad is also used to cure constipation for this, it is just enough to constantly drink fruit juice. Saba senegalensis Pichon, Mem. Figure 7. Pichon Common names Senegal saba in English liane saba in French mad in language. Saba senegalensis (A. DC. Approximate Range of Saba senegalensis [4] . 3. A Dissertation to the Horticulture department of the University for Development Studies (unpublished). Related Links. Il frutto della Saba senegalensis ha una scorza esterna gialla e dura.Il frutto è riempito internamente da baccelli di semi che possono essere succhiati, similmente a quello che si può fare con il tamarindo.Il sapore è descritto come frizzante e aspro, come quello del mango o del limone.Nei paesi saheliani si usa frequentemente per produrre un succo (màdd in Senegal). It is a climbing plant that usually seeks support from other plant species to cling and grow (Figure 1). Like such others fruits, Saba is very rich in carbohydrates but values vary widely from author to author in the range of 11 - 74.23 g/100 g [20] [22] [23] [24] [26] [27] . The gathering is carried out essentially by the women and the children who resell basins or baskets of fruits in the weekly markets of the production areas to itinerant traders or to the itinerant traders known as “Banas Banas”. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. The fruit is also characterized by water content which is most often closed to 80% [23] . zones. A cette catégorie, appartient le «Saba Senegalensis» (de son nom scientifique) plus connu ici sous l’appellation de «madd». It fights against several types of diseases. Member; Posts: 120; Canada; Re: Saba Senegalensis seedling pics. Copyright © 2006-2018 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Our bibliographic study proposes a selection and a compilation of information available in the literature and research results on the botany, composition and uses of maad to better understand the nutritional and economic potential of the fruit. Contact us about this record. maceration, as a drink, is considered to be anti-blennorrhagic or with other plants [1] . The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). After the wholesalers, the resellers will repackage the products in large baskets; 50 or 60 kg, or average baskets weighing 35 or 40 kg. The species can live in various ecological conditions with an average annual rainfall ranging from 100 mm to 1300 mm and in altitudes of 0 - 800 m [4] [18] , it is resistant to bush fire. Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. The roots of this species are used in the care of female infertility and treat skin burns. Stamens inserted 3.5-6 mm above the corolla base; filaments 0.4-1 x 0.1 mm, anthers 1-2 x 0.2-0.5 mm, ovary often ribbed, glabrous with ca 30 ovules, style 1.5-3 mm long, pistil-head 1.7-2 mm long, basal part up to 1.8 mm long. Hassler, M. 2018. A plant of saba. StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal là một Shareware phần mềm trong danh mục Thể loại khác được phát triển bởi StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal.. Phiên bản mới nhất của StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal hiện thời không rõ. The Fulani consider the fruits still green and cooked with salt as an effective diuretic drug and fast acting [31] . Kotschy & Peyr. 2.0 2.1; Gikan sa gawas nga tinubdan Diversification of tree crops; The fruit pulp is tart and pleasant [3] . This page was last edited on 16 June 2015, at 11:24. The fruits of the maad also contain an essential oil whose major compounds terpineol (29.8%), linalool (18%) and benzoic acid (9.2%) [28] . Inst. Saba senegalensis est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Apocynaceae.. Son fruit est appelé laaré (en soussou de Guinée), zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo ou makalakonki (dans le bassin du Congo), maad (en wolof), made (en français d'Afrique), wèda (en mooré), côcôta (en Côte d'Ivoire), et mkonkar (en manjaque It also helps to fight against cough and tuberculosis [34] . In Senegal, there is only one variety of Saba Senegalensis belonging to the Spermaphyte branch, the Magnoliophyta sub-branch, the Magnoliopsida class, the Asteridae subclass to the order of the Gentianales and the family of Apocynaceae [8] . The effects of Saba senegalensis in local traditional medicine are varied. But still saba is not grown as an orchard fruit except in gardens as a sample tree. It can also be added in other food diets such as yoghurt. Le Sénégal est un pays grouillé de ressources naturelles parmi lesquelles des fruits naturels ou sauvages de tout genre mais comestibles surtout. Your email address will not be published. measure up to 47 cm in diameter [3] [4] [5] . Jun 18, 2013 - Madd or Sabba Senegalensis: a tropical fruit you eat all summer long in Senegal! Table 1. Required fields are marked *. Paris, Dakar Collation 35: 316 Family as entered in IPNI The ingestion of its seeds may remain asymptomatic, but can also cause abdominal pain and bowel obstruction. The rainy season lasts from 2 to 4 months with a maximum of precipitation during the month of August for an annual average of 400 to 1200 mm [17] . It is a fruit that is very popular with the population and can be consumed as such or can be processed into puree, nectar, jams and preserves [1] [7] . A wholesaler sells about 10 bags of 70 kg on average a day, where a half-wholesaler sells 1 bag and makes a margin of 5000 FCFA/day. The generic name is adapted from the name of the plant Maninka, the specific epithet senegalensis refers to Senegal in West Africa where it was collected for identification [4] [9] and (Table 1). The latex is Further researches on the nutritional and therapeutic properties deserve to be conducted. Frutto. DC.) Saba is a fruit from Africa. Interpreting Wetland Status. The fruits are collected by people in villages and sold. The Saba fruit of Senegal has different vernacular names which vary according to the dialect spoken by the local populations. Figure 8. The dark gray bark can reach more than 40 m and a trunk up to 47 cm in diameter [2] [3] [4] . It can be eaten as is or seasoned with sugar, salt and/or chilly [1] [7] [9] . Saba senegalensis is a medicinal food plants and has the potential of contributing to soil and water conservation. Brilliant on upper surface, an elliptical or oval limber glabrous barely acuminate and shiny above, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide [14] with a rounded or rounded base and apex short obtuse tip, 8 to 14 pairs of lateral veins, translucent fresh, and a network of fine nerves (Figure 2). Bandoma, E. (2009). It is commonly found growing in Western Tropical Africa from Senegal to Togo. In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. 10.4236/fns.2018.99080, Médoune Gaye Sarr1,2, Nafissatou Diop Ndiaye3, Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou1,2*, Papa Guedel Faye1,2, Mady Cisse1,2, Mama Sakho1,2, Codou Mar Diop1,2, 1Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique, University Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar, Sénégal, 2Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et des Procédés Membranaires, Centre d’Etudes sur la Sécurité Alimentaire et les Molécules Fonctionnelles (CESAM), Dakar, Sénégal, 3Institut de Technologie Alimentaire (ITA), Atelier de transformation des fruits et légumes, Dakar, Sénégal. Main production areas of Maad in the south and the eastern part of Senegal. Generally we distinguish in its range of distribution according to the nature of the support, climbing species, and the lack of support of the bush species. There are even some forest harvesters who harvest only green fruits in order to lengthen the conservation and reduce losses, but the disadvantage of this method is that the quality of the fruit is mainly due to the early harvest, that is to say the fruit has not yet reached maturity. see the world log on website by shawn murray (ssmurray@gmail.com and http://ssmurray.googlepages.com) and aaron darling Latex can treat pulmonary problems. Homonyms Saba senegalensis (A.DC.) Vol.09 No.09(2018), Article ID:87408,13 pages The seeds are coated with an aromatic sweet and sour flesh. It’s also content thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6. Senegal, Saba senegalensis, Fruit, Uses, Composition. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. Very soft and juicy, the pulp is sweet and tart and the skin of the fruit has a green color before maturity [13] , but at its physiological maturity, its color becomes orange (Figure 2). Sepals shortly apiculate. The fruit is a large ovoid, bumpy, globose berry, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide that contains seeds coated with slightly translucent yellow and fibrous pulps [10] [11] . Saba senegalensis known as weda in the Moore, French, and English languages, is a fruit producing plant of the Apocynaceae family, native to the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa.It has several common names in various West African Languages. Scientific plant list. In High Guinea, the nuclei surrounded by their pulp are sun-dried and used to replace lemon and tamarin [12] . Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. The plant has a rough or scaly bark of dark gray color with a pale red slice [1] . The ripe fruits are anorexic, antiscorbutic, stimulating, tonic [33] . Of course, some trees are planted in garden as specimen plants or for ornamental purposes. The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands in Guiné-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Somalia, Mali and Ivory Coast. Distribution Area and Vernacular Names, Saba senegalensis is mainly found in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Guineas, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Tanzania [4] [5] (Figure 3). The inside of the shell is also covered with superficial skin that can be consumed. These are, however, sometimes protected by villagers for picking their fruits and also for me4dicinal uses. The nutritional composition of the pulp (Table 2) is subject to very large. Pichon – Senegal saba Subordinate Taxa. Its fruit is very popular with the population. Inflorescence a 3-30 flowered lax cyme, peduncle 2.5-6 cm long, pedicels 2.5-8 mm long. The plant is believed to have medico-magical attributes and is often preserved on the outskirts of villages. Maad picking in the production areas is very organized; the start date of picking is still fixed and is reserved only for local populations. On average during the 2013-2015 periods, 1103.55 t of maad were consumed in Dakar. The fruits are often eaten by local people and also offered for sale at some places. This fruit is characterized by its richness in antioxidant molecules especially vitamin C (480 mg/100 g) and total polyphenols (945.83 mg/100 g). World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). It is by Cesar Calderon at USDA APHIS PPQ. They are hemostatic, anti-gonorrheal, antiseptic, anti-emetic and healing [1] [2] . The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The fruit of Saba is a large ovoid berry, of yellow-orange color at maturity [4] containing seven to twenty nuclei depending on the size covered, of a juicy acidulous pulp. Table 3. Fruits which until now were only consumed in their natural form. Sarr, M.G., Ndiaye, N.D., Ayessou, N.C., Faye, P.G., Cisse, M., Sakho, M. and Diop, C.M. But it happens that its seeds germinate in places where there is no support and therefore the plant manages to the place where it sprouted. Logged mwambao. There are also small baskets of 25 or 20 kg. Your email address will not be published. It has economic potential given the enthusiasm of the various actors of the distribution and marketing exploitation circuit. Jump to navigation Jump to search. The main destinations are the country’s major markets: Kolda, Diaobe, Bignona, Touba, Dinguiraye and Dakar which is the. In Senegal, the Wolof call it maad while Manding say Saba. Synonyms: Landolphia senegalensis. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. Thus, the study of the stability of the products resulting from the transformation must be envisaged in order to reduce the post-harvest losses and to ensure a good conservation of these products but especially in a general way to contribute to the valorization of this fruit very appreciated by the population. Yum!! Pichon is a large, woody, latex vine that can grow to more than 40 m in height and has tendrils in the Apocynaceae family [1] . Figure 3. Saba has also not yet travelled beyond Africa. Many losses are recorded in fruit production and conservation poses serious problems for loggers [7] . In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal) (Figure 4) and is also present in widely dispersed individuals Niayes [10] [11] . Glacy is the first glacier in the Congo to offer ice creams and sorbets made from tropical forest fruits. It should also avoid a maad harvested in the rainy season during this period; the fruit becomes a flower [20] . IPNI Life Sciences Identifier (LSID) urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81759-1 Publication Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire. These results therefore only concern products that have been declared at the water and forest management level and taxed at CFAF 15 per kg in the various control. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Leaves are opposite, dark green, elliptical, lanceolate and petiolate with entire margins. (a) Fruit, (b) Leaf and (c) Flower of Saba senegalensis [10] . Table 3 presents the quantity of maad consumed in Dakar from 2013 to 2015. Figure 2. Taxonomy of Saba senegalensis [8] . SENEGAL | THE SABA SENEGALENSIS FRUIT We are in the season of this delicious fruit called Madd in Wolof or Saba senegalensis. In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (Southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal). Inhalation of the vapor emitted during the boiling of the leaves in the water would calm headaches and coughing [31] . More Accounts and Images; ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (SASE15) Integrated Taxonomic Information System … Saba is a highly prized fruit and in parts of Africa, these are also important to the rural economy. 1-1.5 times as long as wide, corolla with a yellow throat; tube 5-9 times as long as the calyx. Le madd ou Saba senegalensis Aussi appelé zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo (Congo), maad (en wolof) et made (en français d’Afrique), ou wèda (en mooré), c’est un … The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. However markets are also flooded by the same products from Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry or sometimes even Mali, maad was controlled and registered on the national territory, between 2014 and 2015 respectively 1132 to 1427 tons maad [36] . ; S. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex [1] , it has a dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a 20 cm turn [3] [4] [9] . The products are either packed in very large baskets called “Damba” transported in trucks for those coming from Kedougou and part of Casamance or transported by boat to the other part of Casamance for supplies in the rest of the country. Minerals are also revealed in Saba’s fruit such us calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium respectively 51 ppm, 357.5 ppm, 47.5 ppm and 152 ppm [24] , the fruit is poor in sodium (<5 ppm). Most are eaten as casual snacks, but some are employed even as a staple, especially during the rainy season. ! Govaerts, R. et al. The flowers are white, greenish or yellowish very fragrant, in terminal corymbs, they have a corolla wide of 3 to 4 cm with a yellowish tube, 10 to 15 mm long, 5 - 9 times longer than the calyx [1] [4] [10] , with 5 white, oblong lobes, 3 to 6 mm wide, thickened towards the base, 1.5 mm wide at the apex, finely pubescent. The leaves are opposite, elliptical, dark green in color, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. The section of the fruit shows a hard, thick and bumpy skin, which covers a fibrous membrane adhered to the skin surrounding all the nuclei (Figure 5) [12] . Green fruits fight against sterility, galactagogic, colic [2] [32] . Generally, Saba creeper returns to fruiting in less than two years [19] . This cause might not be recognized by radiologists who are not aware of SS CT features. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. Common Name Senegal saba. It grows in all types of soil. The evolution of maad production recorded in Senegal has undergone a very wide variation from 1997 to 2015 (Figure 8). Sabasenegalensis Sabasenegalensis(Bambara:NsabanorZaban;English: Senegal saba; French(fromaPulaarbastardization): lianesaba;Wolof: madormaddor“kabaa”inGam- Saba senegalensis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Leakey R. R. B., and Tchoundjeun Z., (2001). Saba senegalensis (Bambara: Nsaban or Zaban; English: Senegal saba; French (from a Pulaar bastardization): liane saba; Wolof: mad or madd or 'kabaa' in Gambian Wolof; Pulaar: laare) is a shrub-like fruit tree of the Apocynaceae family, native to the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa. Root. Ang mga gi basihan niini. Production chart of nectar maad standardized by the Institute of Food Technology (ITA) of Dakar. Food and Nutrition Sciences Found mainly in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, The Gambia, the 2 Guineas, Mali, Niger [4] , Saba senegalensis (A. It is believed to be a native of Sahel of Africa. As it matures, it goes from green, its initial color, to light orange [13] . Image 2186051 is of Senegal saba (Saba senegalensis ) seed(s). In Dakar, the maad found on the market comes largely from the sub region Casamance, comes second and then Kédougou and Kolda region.
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