Livestock are raised and forests yield cork, cabinet wood, and building materials. This gives Morocco the best infrastructure rankings in the African continent. [59], Morocco is represented in the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 geographical encoding standard by the symbol MA. Morocco (/məˈrɒkoʊ/ (listen); Arabic: المغرب, romanized: al-maḡrib, lit. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Western Sahara to the south. [35][36][37] Under the Sanhaja Almoravid dynasty and the Masmuda Almohad dynasty,[38] Morocco dominated the Maghreb, al-Andalus in Iberia, and the western Mediterranean region. [139], Christians are estimated at 1% (~380,000) of the Moroccan population. Prior to independence, Morocco was home to half a million Europeans; who were mostly Christians. Nevertheless, the Moroccan dynasties of Marinid (which ruled from the 13th into the 15th century) and Saadi (which ruled from the 15th into the 17th century) otherwise resisted foreign domination: Morocco was the only country in northwest African to escape occupation by the Ottoman Empire. C'est aussi en automne que la chute des températures est remarquable à Nador. [140] Some local Christian leaders estimate that there may be as many as 8,000 Christian citizens throughout the country, but many reportedly do not meet regularly due to fear of government surveillance and social persecution. Since the first technopark was established in Rabat in 2005, a second has been set up in Casablanca, followed, in 2015, by a third in Tangers. In 1983, Hassan cancelled planned elections amid political unrest and economic crisis. ( 51,4% [6] contre 26,7% sur l'ensemble du territoire [7] ). [49], Tens of thousands of colonists entered Morocco. Prime Minister Youssoufi's government was the first ever government drawn primarily from opposition parties, and also represents the first opportunity for a coalition of socialists, left-of-centre, and nationalist parties to be included in the government until October 2002. Comment ajouter mes sources ? From the total foreign investments in Morocco, the European Union invests approximately 73.5%, whereas, the Arab world invests only 19.3%. The penalty can be from one month to five years, with fines ranging from $200 to $1,000. Algerian authorities have estimated the number of Sahrawi refugees in Algeria to be 165,000. The UN maintains a small observer force in Western Sahara, where a large number of Morocco's troops are stationed. Spanish territory in Northwest Africa neighbouring Morocco comprises five enclaves on the Mediterranean coast: Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas, the Chafarinas islands, and the disputed islet Perejil. Mendler Lot de 2 chaises ⦠Elle est située dans le berceau de la région Kebdana (commune El Berkanyene), à 35 km de Nador en longeant la rocade méditerranéenne reliant Nador et Saïdia. Adding Western Sahara, Morocco lies mostly between 21° and 36°N, and 1° and 17°W (the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula is slightly south of 21° and west of 17°). [46] In 1860, a dispute over Spain's Ceuta enclave led Spain to declare war. Most foreign resident Christians reside in the Casablanca, Tangier, and Rabat urban areas. [197] Moroccan youths experience a lower self-harm rate than the global index by an average of 4 encounters per year.[197]. The most common is whole grain coarse ground or white flour bread. This is a result of the centuries-long interaction of Morocco with the outside world. Mauretania became a client kingdom of the Roman Empire in 33 BC. and two other cities,[clarification needed] to public municipal utilities in 13 other cities, as well as a national electricity and water company (ONEE). Ce projet permettra de générer quinze mille emplois (quatre mille sept cents directs et dix mille trois cents indirects)[réf. Some bought up large amounts of the rich agricultural land, others organised the exploitation and modernisation of mines and harbours. [126][127] According to the CIA, 99% of residents are Arab-Berber. [147][148] The country's distinctive group of Moroccan Arabic dialects is referred to as Darija. Some 592 people were recorded killed during Hassan's rule according to the truth commission. The aim was to give universities greater financial autonomy from the government to make them more responsive to research needs and better able to forge links with the private sector, in the hope that this would nurture a culture of entrepreneurship in academia. The following year, Spanish King Juan Carlos I visited Ceuta and Melilla, further angering Morocco which demanded control of the enclaves. The area of present-day Morocco has been inhabited since at least Paleolithic times, beginning sometime between 190,000 and 90,000 BC. [191] The country's under-five mortality rate dropped by 60% between 1990 and 2011. From the 11th century onwards, a series of Berber dynasties arose. Chicken is the most widely eaten meat in Morocco. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania. It is situated in the Tangiers free economic zone and serves as a logistics hub for Africa and the world. [86], During the early 1960s to the late 1980s, under the leadership of Hassan II, Morocco had one of the worst human rights record in both Africa and the world. It was inaugurated in 2018 by the King following over a decade of planning and construction by Moroccan national railway company ONCF. In 1991, a ceasefire agreement was reached, but the issue of sovereignty remained unresolved. [122], In 2012, the Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology identified a number of sectors where Morocco has a comparative advantage and skilled human capital, including mining, fisheries, food chemistry and new technologies. Through Moroccan history, it has hosted many people coming from East (Phoenicians, Jews and Arabs), South (Sub-Saharan Africans) and North (Romans, Andalusians). Following the March 1998 elections, a coalition government headed by opposition socialist leader Abderrahmane Youssoufi and composed largely of ministers drawn from opposition parties, was formed. Hicham El Guerrouj won gold medals for Morocco at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres and holds several world records in the mile run. [14] The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca. )[19] The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Les petits taxis de Nador sont de couleur rouge et transportent les passagers seulement à l’intérieur de Nador. Toutefois, ceci est à relativiser compte tenu que la Banque Populaire détient une part de marché plus importante dans la région que la moyenne nationale sur les dépôts. [87][88], According to Human Rights Watch annual report 2016, Moroccan authorities restricted the rights to peaceful expression, association and assembly through several laws. Elle offrira trente deux mille lits[10]. Mitochondrial DNA studies have discovered a close ancestral link between Berbers and the Saami of Scandinavia. After Miknasa broke off relations with the Fatimids in 932, they were removed from power by the Maghrawa of Sijilmasa in 980. In 1971, there was a failed attempt to depose the king and establish a republic. [138] Despite Moroccans being affiliated with Islam, almost 15% nonetheless describe themselves as non-religious according to a 2019 survey conducted for the BBC by the research network Arab Barometer. [citation needed] The Moroccan-Dutch Badr Hari, heavyweight kickboxer and martial artist, is a former K-1 heavyweight champion and K-1 World Grand Prix 2008 and 2009 finalist. It is served to guests, and it is impolite to refuse it. Child health, maternal health, and diseases are all components of health and well-being. For 2012 the World Bank forecast a rate of 4% growth for Morocco and 4.2% for following year, 2013.[100]. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}32°N 6°W / 32°N 6°W / 32; -6. It probably evolved under the Moors in Cordoba, and the Persian-born musician Ziryab is usually credited with its invention. Morocco produces enough food for domestic consumption except for grains, sugar, coffee and tea. [40] With his Jaysh d'Ahl al-Rif (the Riffian Army) he re-occupied Tangier from the English who had abandoned it in 1684 and drove the Spanish from Larache in 1689. In the 13th and 14th centuries the Merinids held power in Morocco and strove to replicate the successes of the Almohads through military campaigns in Algeria and Spain. Le programme d'aménagement de Marchica Med prévoit un budget de quarante-six milliards de dirhams (/4,2 milliards d'euros) entre 2009 et 2025. According to the Global Competitiveness Report of 2019, Morocco Ranked 32nd in the world in terms of Roads, 16th in Sea, 45th in Air and 64th in Railways. As Europe industrialised, Northwest Africa was increasingly prized for its potential for colonisation. Morocco's military consists of the Royal Armed Forces—this includes the Army (the largest branch), the Navy, the Air Force, the Royal Guard, the Royal Gendarmerie and the Auxiliary Forces. Low-cost airlines offer cheap flights to the country. Morocco participated in the 1980 Eurovision Song Contest, where it finished in the penultimate position. Since independence, a veritable blossoming has taken place in painting and sculpture, popular music, amateur theatre, and filmmaking. Morocco is home to Andalusian classical music that is found throughout Northwest Africa. [105], As of 2006[update], activity and adventure tourism in the Atlas and Rif Mountains are the fastest growth area in Moroccan tourism. [150] In 2008, Frédéric Deroche estimated that there were 12 million Berber speakers, making up about 40% of the population. Kickboxing is also popular in Morocco. In 2014, Morocco adopted a national plan to increase progress on maternal and child health. Morocco is a Northern African country, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and the annexed Western Sahara. Bread in Morocco is principally from durum wheat semolina known as khobz. Morocco was ranked as the first African country by the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index, ahead of South Africa. In 2005 a National Sanitation Program was approved that aims at treating 60% of collected wastewater and connecting 80% of urban households to sewers by 2020. [16] Beginning in the 15th century, the Portuguese Empire extended to include parts of Morocco: Portugal conquered territory along the Moroccan coast and founded settlements some of which endured into the 18th century. [citation needed], Education in Morocco is free and compulsory through primary school. La ville a longtemps souffert d'un manque d'infrastructure hôtelière. ", "Morocco: From Emigration Country to Africa's Migration Passage to Europe", "Survey Shows Faith in Decline in Morocco, in the Arab World", "Refworld – Morocco: General situation of Muslims who converted to Christianity, and specifically those who converted to Catholicism; their treatment by Islamists and the authorities, including state protection (2008–2011)", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2011 – Morocco", "Christian Converts in Morocco Fear Fatwa Calling for Their Execution", "Christians want marriages recognized in Morocco", "Pope Francis' Visit to Morocco Raises Hopes for Its Christians", Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc, "Enseñanza y uso de la lengua española en el Sáhara Occidental", http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Embajadas/RABAT/es/Noticias/Documents/LENGESPMARR.pdf, "Desert Blooms: The Contemporary Architecture of Morocco - Architizer Journal", "Modern Morocco: Building a New Vernacular", "Morocco to stage the 2015 African Nations Cup – ESPN Soccernet", "Africa Cup of Nations: Morocco will not host finals over Ebola fears", Baisse du taux d'analphabétisme au Maroc à 28%, "2006 UNESCO Literacy Prize winners announced", "CCIS Ifrane Morocco Summer Study Abroad Program", Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, "Health financing and insurance reform in Morocco", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)", "Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)", "WHO | Morocco takes a stride forward for mothers and children", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) | Data", "Current health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data", "Morocco | The Global Youth Wellbeing Index", Official website of the government of Morocco, Official bulletins of the government of Morocco, Official website of the Moroccan National Tourist Office, World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Morocco, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Union of Arab National Olympic Committees, Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morocco&oldid=1007597090, States and territories established in 1956, Arabic-speaking countries and territories, French-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from January 2013, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Standard Moroccan Tamazight-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2006, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2014, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 February 2021, at 23:44. He founded a great library, which was eventually carried to the Casbah and turned into a public library. 60% of Morocco's tourists visit for its culture and heritage. 'place the sun sets; the west'; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, romanized: lmeɣrib), officially the Kingdom of Morocco (Arabic: المملكة المغربية, romanized: al-mamlaka al-maḡribiyya, lit. The Moroccan government is heavily investing in tourism development, in 2010 the government launched its Vision 2020 which plans to make Morocco one of the top 20 tourist destinations in the world and to double the annual number of international arrivals to 20 million by 2020,[101] with the hope that tourism will then have risen to 20% of GDP. The earliest known independent Moroccan state was the Berber kingdom of Mauretania, under King Baga. Les grands taxis sont de couleur blanche et transportent les passagers en dehors de la ville, aux environs comme la liaison Nador-segangan, Nador- Al aroui ou encore Nador- Bni Nsar, Ligne 02 :Quartier Administratif <> baraka - la gare sud nador, Ligne 03 : Quartier Administratif <> Eřfiḍ 1, Ligne 04 :Quartier Administratif <> hay al matar-nador jadid - bourourou - fatwaki, Ligne 05 : Quartier Administratif <> arrid 2 - 3, Ligne 07 : Parada <> oulad mimoun - Quartier boustane - touima, Ligne 08 : Parada <> bouarge-kariat arkman, Ligne 19 : oulad mimoun <> gare nador ville-bni nsar (route port nador ), Ligne 20 : Parada <> marchika- bni nsar (route farkana), Ligne 21 : Parada <> selouane-cité université-faculté, Ligne 22 : Parada <> selouane centre- faculté, Ligne 26 : cité université (faculté) <> oulad mansour- zaio-ould setout, ligne 24 :selouane<> z.l.selouane-al aroui centre, ligne 25 : selouane centre <> z.l.selouane-al aroui - aeroport nador, ligne 18 :bni nsar (route frontiere melila) <> tissamrin-farkhana. Against the opposition of local tribes Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727) began to create a unified state. However, health expenditure per capita (PPP) has steadily increased since 2000. Spanish troops had taken the normally uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag. An extension of the line to Marrakesh is already being planned. In 2014, Morocco began the construction of the first high-speed railway system in Africa linking the cities of Tangiers and Casablanca. [2] The last Barbary lion in the wild was shot in the Atlas Mountains in 1922. Also, the region extends from the Mediterranean in the south, home of the Wergha River, to the north. [176] Six years later, Mohammed Ousfour would create the first Moroccan movie, Le fils maudit ("The Damned Son"). The English name "Morocco" is an anglicisation of the Spanish name for the country, "Marruecos". [194] Since 2014, spending on healthcare as part of the GDP has decreased. Il n'y pleut que rarement et ce, quelques minutes seulement. [129] A sizeable portion of the population is identified as Haratin and Gnawa (or Gnaoua), West African or mixed race descendants of slaves, and Moriscos, European Muslims expelled from Spain and Portugal in the 17th century. The Agadir Crisis of 1911 increased tensions between European powers. The Iberomaurusian culture was succeeded by the Beaker culture in Morocco. The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fes was an important literary center attracting scholars from abroad, including Maimonides, Ibn al-Khatib, and Ibn Khaldun. Participants accused the government of failing to deliver on reforms. The Majorelle botanical garden in Marrakech is a popular tourist attraction. Upon the death of Mohammed V, Hassan II became King of Morocco on 3 March 1961. The Complete Book of Rugby (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997, Franco-Cantabrian refuge area of southwestern Europe, Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets, opposition assumed power following an election, dispute with Spain in 2002 over the small island of Perejil, Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs, expected to be severely impacted by climate change, l'Institut National des Postes et Télécommunication (INPT), "Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, I-1", "Morocco Population, 1960-2019 - knoema.com", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean", Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history, "Saami and Berbers—An Unexpected Mitochondrial DNA Link", "The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads", "Joint Statement by the United States of America and the Kingdom of Morocco", "Milestones of American Diplomacy, Interesting Historical Notes, and Department of State History", "The French Conquest Of Morocco: The Real Meaning Of The International Trouble", Morocco tackles painful role in Spain's past, Morocco: Date of the abolishment of slavery in Morocco; whether descendants of ex-slaves are singled out in any way; and fate of the Palace household and grounds staff when King Mohamed V was in exile, "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014", "English country names and code elements", "MOROCCO: Ranked second worldwide in climate change control", Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania, "Barbary macaques exploited as photo-props in Marrakesh's punishment square", "Potential benefits of impending Moroccan wildlife trade laws, a case study in carnivore skins", "Open, Unregulated Trade in Wildlife in Morocco's Markets", "Conservation in an ever-globalizing world: wildlife trade in, from, and through Morocco, a gateway to Europe", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", King declares Morocco a constitutional monarchy, "Encyclopedia of the Nations: Morocco Foreign Policy", "GCC Countries Invest Heavily in Morocco", "Morocco to rejoin African Union despite Western Sahara dispute", "06RABAT557, SPANISH AMBASSADOR ON WESTERN SAHARA, MIGRATION", "Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara", International Center for Transitional Justice, "Morocco's Truth Commission: Honoring Past Victims during an Uncertain Present: V. Constraints on the ERC", "afrol News – Western Sahara activists released, re-arrested in riots", "Morocco/Western Sahara: Sahrawi human rights defender on trial", "Refworld | Morocco: The treatment of homosexuals, including protection offered by the state and the attitude of the population", "Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations", "Une famille française arrêtée pour prosélytisme à Marrakech", "Morocco criminalises violence against women and sexual harassment", "Moroccans trapped in Spain for 2 months due to coronavirus head home at last", Morocco major economic player in Africa, researcher, "IMF Gives Morocco Positive Review. En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? Les mâts d'antennes de Radio Medi 1 pour longueur d'onde sont environ 380 mètres de haut et sont parmi les plus hautes structures artificielles en Afrique. Countries or regions that share the same climatic characteristics with Morocco are the state of California (USA), Portugal, Spain and Algeria. That Spanish name was also the basis for the old Tuscan word for the country, "Morrocco", from which the modern Italian word for the country, "Marocco", is derived. [141] The number of the Moroccans who converted to Christianity (most of them secret worshippers) are estimated between 8,000 and 50,000. It is a base for tours to the Atlas Mountains. souhaitée]. Various local Christian leaders estimate that between 2005 and 2010 there are 5,000 citizen converted Christians (mostly ethnically Berber) who regularly attend "house" churches and live predominantly in the south. He was the first Spanish leader in 25 years to make an official visit to the territories. To examine the abuses committed during the reign of King Hassan II (1961–1999), the government has set up an Equity and Reconciliation Commission (IER). While spices have been imported to Morocco for thousands of years, many ingredients such as saffron from Tiliouine, mint and olives from Meknes, and oranges and lemons from Fez, are home-grown. The Baháʼí Faith community, located in urban areas, numbers 350 to 400 persons. Il précise que c'est là « une manière pour l’État de piloter et de s'assurer de la bonne réalisation d'un programme d'une telle envergure dans le respect des normes ». Due to Morocco's proximity to the Sahara desert and the North Sea of the Atlantic Ocean, two phenomena occur to influence the regional seasonal temperatures, either by raising temperatures by 7–8 degrees Celsius when sirocco blows from the east creating heatwaves, or by lowering temperatures by 7–8 degrees Celsius when cold damp air blows from the northwest, creating a coldwave or cold spell. However, the Siege of Melilla against the Spanish ended in defeat in 1775. The latter is in charge of bulk water supply to the aforementioned utilities, water distribution in about 500 small towns, as well as sewerage and wastewater treatment in 60 of these towns. There were renewed tensions in 2005, as hundreds of African migrants tried to storm the borders of the Spanish enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. [103][104], Casablanca is the major cruise port in Morocco, and has the best developed market for tourists in Morocco, Marrakech in central Morocco is a popular tourist destination, but is more popular among tourists for one- and two-day excursions that provide a taste of Morocco's history and culture. [190] The first reform was a mandatory health insurance plan for public and private sector employees to expand coverage from 16 percent of the population to 30 percent.
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